The Twelfth Amendment

The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President 
and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same 
state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as 
President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they 
shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons 
voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they 
shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the 
United States, directed to the President of the Senate;
The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of 
Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted;
The person having the greatest Number of votes for President, shall be the 
President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors 
appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons 
having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for 
as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, 
the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, 
the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose 
shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a 
majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of 
Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall 
devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the 
Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other 
constitutional disability of the President.
The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the 
Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors 
appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers 
on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose 
shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the 
whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally 
ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the 
United States.
The 12th Amendment changed the presidential election process in response to the tie of the Election of 1800. It fixed 
issues of the previous election process and took into account the development of political parties, which hadn’t been 
as prominent when the original election process was established. It also changed that the Vice President would not be 
the loser of the election by default and instead each candidate would have a running mate for Vice President, which is 
still in effect today.
This article explains the historical significance of the twelfth amendment and how it changed the election process for the better. It 
mentions the election of 1800 and how it changed the constitutionally laid way of electing a Vice President. It expresses how the 
addition of the running mate for Vice President was logical and the new electoral college was effective throughout history. 

This article features the viewpoints of both supporters and opposers to the twelfth amendment. It does an excellent job of showing 
both sides viewpoints and opinions at the time of ratification to the twelfth amendment.

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